Electric bikes have revolutionized the world of cycling, combining the best of both worlds—human power and electric assistance. But what really makes these bikes tick? It's all about the sensors. This blog post will take you on a ride through the fascinating world of electric bike sensors, providing valuable insights on how to use them correctly. Whether you're a cyclist, tech enthusiast, or environmentalist, this guide will equip you with the knowledge to make the most out of your e-bike experience.
Content
Introduction to Sensors on E-bikes
The Working Principle of Torque Sensors
What is the Difference Between a Torque Sensor and a Speed Sensor?
Troxus' Innovation in Interchangeable Sensors
How to Naturally Switch Torque and Speed Sensors During Riding
The Direction of Future Sensor Upgrades
Introduction to Sensors on E-bikes
Electric bicycles are divided into full electric bicycles and electric assisted bicycles and electric bicycles that mix the two ways. We have seen more electric bicycles, in popular terms, it is with a rotating handle, turning the handle is like a motorcycle refueling door, electric vehicles start to move forward; Electric assisted bicycle in the foot part of the sensor, the sensor will feedback your stomping situation to the controller, and then the controller controls the motor work, to achieve the mode of power forward, simply put, you step on the motor will help you ride.
E-bikes are equipped with sophisticated sensor technology that enhances the riding experience. These sensors are the silent heroes responsible for the seamless integration of human effort and electric power. They ensure that the motor delivers just the right amount of assistance, making your ride smooth and enjoyable.
Sensors come in various types, each serving a specific purpose. Understanding these sensors and how they work is crucial for optimizing your e-bike's performance. This knowledge will help you ride more efficiently, conserve battery life, and enjoy a smoother ride. By the end of this post, you'll have a comprehensive understanding of e-bike sensors and how to use them to your advantage.
Torque sensor
The torque sensor is one of the most important sensors in an electric bicycle, which senses the rider's stomping force and converts this information into an electric assist. Torque sensors are usually installed on the central axle or near the pedals of an electric bicycle, and judge the demand for riding by measuring the torque exerted by the rider on the pedals. For example, the Troxus T-Rex e-MTB sensor uses a torque sensor, which advantage is that you can adapt to different terrain and road conditions during the ride.
Speed sensor
The speed sensor is used to measure the speed of the e-bike. It is usually mounted on the wheel or drivetrain and calculates speed by detecting the rotational speed of the wheel. The data from the speed sensor is crucial to the control system of the electric bicycle, because it determines the output timing and strength of the electric assist. For example, the Troxus Lynx e-bike sensor uses a speed sensor, the low power consumption of the speed sensor can extend the battery life of the electric bicycle, and have more peace of mind in city riding.
Central axis torque sensor
The central axis torque sensor is a special torque sensor that is directly mounted on the central axis of the electric bicycle. This sensor is able to measure the force of the rider's stampede more precisely because it is in direct contact with the rider's stampede action. Axle torque sensors typically have higher accuracy and speed of response, providing a more natural riding experience.
The Working Principle of Torque Sensors
The working principle of the torque sensor is based on strain gauge technology. A strain gauge is a material that can sense small deformation, and when subjected to external forces, the strain gauge will deform, thereby changing its resistance value. The torque sensor calculates the torque applied by the rider by measuring the change in resistance of the strain gauge.
Specifically, torque sensors typically contain one or more strain gauges mounted on an elastic element near a central shaft or pedal. When the rider steps on, the elastic element will be deformed, and the strain gauge will also be deformed. The resistance change of the strain gauge is converted into a voltage signal by the bridge circuit, and then converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and finally transmitted to the control system of the electric bicycle.
The control system adjusts the electric power output according to the torque sensor data, ensuring that the rider can get the right power under different riding conditions. For example, when a rider applies a greater torque while climbing a hill, the torque sensor will detect this change and increase the output of the electric assist accordingly, helping the rider to climb the hill easily.
Torque sensors are pivotal in determining how much power the e-bike's motor should deliver. They measure the force applied to the pedals, ensuring that the motor provides proportional assistance. One of the main advantages of torque sensors is their ability to provide a smooth and natural ride. They respond to the rider's pedaling force, delivering power in a way that feels organic. This makes them ideal for those who want a closer-to-traditional cycling experience, enhanced by electric assistance.
Central Axis Torque Sensors
The central axis torque sensor is a special torque sensor that is directly mounted on the central axis of the electric bicycle. This sensor is able to measure the force of the rider's stampede more precisely because it is in direct contact with the rider's stampede action. Axle torque sensors typically have higher accuracy and speed of response, providing a more natural riding experience.
The axis torque sensor works similarly to the ordinary torque sensor, but it usually uses more advanced strain gauge technology and signal processing technology. Axial torque sensors usually contain multiple strain gauges mounted on the elastic elements of the axial axis. When the rider steps on, the elastic element will be deformed, and the strain gauge will also be deformed. The resistance change of the strain gauge is converted into a voltage signal by the bridge circuit, and then converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and finally transmitted to the control system of the electric bicycle.
The control system adjusts the electric power output according to the data of the central shaft torque sensor, ensuring that the rider can get the appropriate power under different riding conditions. For example, when the rider applies a greater torque when climbing a hill, the central axis torque sensor will detect this change and increase the output of the electric assist accordingly, helping the rider to climb the hill easily.
Central axis torque sensors are a specialized type of torque sensor integrated into the bike's bottom bracket. These sensors measure the force applied directly to the crank arms, providing highly accurate readings. They are designed to capture even the slightest variations in pedaling force, offering precise motor assistance.
One of the standout features of central axis torque sensors is their location. Being situated at the bottom bracket allows them to measure the force applied by both legs, resulting in a more balanced and responsive ride. This makes them ideal for high-performance e-bikes used in competitive cycling or intense training.
How Speed Sensors Work
Speed sensors are another critical component of e-bike technology. Unlike torque sensors, speed sensors measure the rotational speed of the wheels. This information is used to regulate the motor's assistance, ensuring that it matches the bike's speed.
Speed sensors typically consist of a magnet attached to the wheel and a sensor mounted on the frame. As the wheel rotates, the magnet passes by the sensor, generating a signal that is sent to the motor controller. This data helps the controller adjust the motor's power to maintain a consistent speed.
The working principle of the speed sensor is relatively simple, it usually calculates the speed by detecting the rotational speed of the wheel. Speed sensors can be divided into two types: contact and non-contact.
- Contact speed sensor
Contact speed sensors are usually mounted on the spokes of the wheel or the gears of the transmission system. It senses speed through contact with wheels or gears. Contact speed sensors usually use Hall effect sensors or photoelectric sensors.
Hall effect sensor: The Hall effect sensor senses speed by detecting changes in the magnetic field. The sensor is installed near the wheel or gear, when the wheel or gear rotates, the magnetic field changes, and the Hall effect sensor detects this change and outputs the corresponding electrical signal.
Photoelectric sensor: Photoelectric sensor senses speed by detecting changes in light. The sensor usually contains a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photosensitive element. When the wheel or gear rotates, the photosensitive element detects the change in light and outputs the corresponding electrical signal.
- Non-contact speed sensor
Non-contact speed sensors typically use magnetic encoders or radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.
Magnetic encoder: The magnetic encoder senses speed by detecting changes in the magnetic field. The sensor is installed near the wheel or gear, when the wheel or gear rotates, the magnetic field changes, the magnetic encoder detects this change and outputs the corresponding electrical signal.
RFID technology: RFID technology uses radio frequencies to sense speed. The sensor is installed near the wheel or gear, when the wheel or gear rotates, the RFID tag sends a radio signal, the sensor detects this signal and outputs the corresponding electrical signal.
The data from the speed sensor is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which is finally passed to the control system of the e-bike. The control system adjusts the output of the electric boost based on the data from the speed sensor, ensuring that the rider gets the right boost under different riding conditions. For example, when the rider is riding at high speed, the speed sensor will detect this change and reduce the output of the electric assist accordingly to avoid excessive help leading to loss of control.
The primary benefit of speed sensors is their ability to maintain a steady pace. They are particularly useful for casual riders who prefer a consistent level of assistance, regardless of the force applied to the pedals. Speed sensors ensure that the motor's power output remains stable, providing a predictable and comfortable ride.
What is the Difference Between a Torque Sensor and a Speed Sensor?
Torque sensor and torque sensor are two easily confused concepts, but they have significant differences in the measurement object and application scenario.
Measure objects
Torque sensor: The torque sensor measures the torque applied by the rider to the pedal. The torque is the product of the force and the lever, and the torque sensor calculates the torque by measuring the force applied by the rider.
Torque sensor: The torque sensor measures the torque output of the electric bicycle's drivetrain or motor. Torque is the product of force and lever, and the torque sensor calculates torque by measuring the output force of the drive train or motor.
Application scenario
Torque sensor: Torque sensor is mainly used in the power control system of electric bicycles. It adjusts the output of the electric boost by measuring the rider's stepping force, ensuring that the rider can get the right boost under different riding conditions.
Torque sensor: Torque sensor is mainly used in the power output control system of electric bicycles. It adjusts the output of electric power by measuring the output torque of the transmission system or the motor to ensure the smooth and reliable power output of the electric bicycle.
How it works
Torque sensor: The operating principle of the torque sensor is based on strain gauge technology. A strain gauge is a material that can sense small deformation, and when subjected to external forces, the strain gauge will deform, thereby changing its resistance value. The torque sensor calculates the torque applied by the rider by measuring the change in resistance of the strain gauge.
Torque sensor: The operating principle of the torque sensor is based on strain gauge technology or magnetic encoder technology. The strain gauge or magnetic encoder is installed on the output shaft of the drive system or motor. When the drive system or motor outputs torque, the strain gauge or magnetic encoder detects this change and outputs the corresponding electrical signal.
How to choose
Torque sensors measure the force applied to the pedals, providing power proportional to the rider's effort. This results in a natural and responsive riding experience, ideal for those who want to feel a closer connection to their bike. Torque sensors are perfect for riders who prefer a dynamic and engaging ride.
On the other hand, speed sensors measure the rotational speed of the wheels, ensuring consistent power output. They are better suited for riders who prefer a steady and predictable level of assistance. Speed sensors provide a more relaxed and comfortable ride, making them ideal for casual cyclists or those who prioritize ease of use.
Choosing between a torque sensor and a speed sensor depends on your riding style and preferences. If you enjoy a more interactive and responsive ride, a torque sensor is the way to go. If you prefer a consistent and stable level of assistance, a speed sensor will be more suitable.
Troxus' Innovation in Interchangeable Sensors
Troxus is focused on e-bike technology, and one of its sensor innovations is the interchangeable torque and speed sensor. This innovative design allows the rider to freely switch torque and speed sensors as needed during the ride, resulting in a more flexible riding experience. This design is used in a number of Troxus 2024 ebikes, and see the Troxus website for details.
Interchangeable sensor design
Troxus' interchangeable sensor design is based on modular technology. The sensor module contains a torque sensor and a speed sensor, and the rider can switch the working mode of the sensor by simple operation. For example, the troxus explorer plus ebike has this feature.when the rider needs more precise torque control, the torque sensor mode can be selected; when the rider needs more precise speed control, the speed sensor mode can be selected.
Switching process
The switching process is very simple, the rider simply selects the desired sensor mode through the e-bike's control system. The control system will automatically adjust the working mode of the sensor and adjust the output of the electric power assist accordingly. The switching process is usually completed in a few seconds, and the rider hardly feels the delay in switching.
Advantages
Flexibility: Interchangeable sensor designs provide greater flexibility, allowing riders to choose the right sensor mode for different riding conditions and needs.
Accuracy: Switching sensor modes can improve the accuracy of the measurement, ensuring that the rider gets the right boost in different riding conditions.
Convenience: The switching process is simple and convenient, and the rider can complete the switching without complicated operations.
Troxus has taken e-bike technology to the next level with their innovative interchangeable sensor system. This cutting-edge feature allows riders to switch between torque and speed sensors seamlessly, adapting their bike's performance to different riding conditions.
The interchangeable sensor system is designed for versatility and convenience. Whether you're tackling a steep hill or cruising on a flat road, you can easily switch sensors to optimize your e-bike's performance. This flexibility ensures that you always have the right level of assistance, no matter the terrain.
How to Naturally Switch Torque and Speed Sensors During Riding
Switching between torque and speed sensors during a ride might seem complicated, but it's a straightforward process with Troxus' system. This section will guide you through the steps to make seamless transitions, ensuring that you get the best performance from your e-bike.
First, familiarize yourself with the sensor switch mechanism on your e-bike. Troxus' system is designed to be user-friendly, allowing you to switch sensors with a simple toggle or button press. Practice switching sensors while stationary to build confidence.
When riding, pay attention to the terrain and your riding conditions. If you're approaching a steep incline, switch to the torque sensor for more responsive power delivery. On flat or downhill sections, switch to the speed sensor for consistent assistance and battery conservation.
Regularly switching sensors based on your riding conditions will help you maximize your e-bike's efficiency and performance. This adaptability ensures that you always have the optimal level of assistance, making your rides more enjoyable and efficient.
The Direction of Future Sensor Upgrades
- Higher accuracy
Future sensors will have higher accuracy and will be able to more accurately measure the force of the rider's pedal and the speed of the e-bike. High-precision sensors can provide a more natural riding experience, ensuring that riders get the right amount of help in different riding conditions.
- Faster response time
Future sensors will have a faster response speed and will be able to more quickly sense the strength of the rider and the speed of the electric bike. The fast response speed can improve the real-time performance of the electric power, ensuring that the rider can get timely help under different riding conditions.
- Lower power consumption
Future sensors will have lower power consumption and will be able to operate for longer periods of time. Low-power sensors can extend the battery life of electric bicycles, reduce the number of charging times, and improve the convenience of riding.
- Smarter controls
Future sensors will have smarter controls that will automatically adjust the sensor mode according to the rider's riding habits and needs. Intelligent controls provide a more personalized riding experience, ensuring that riders get the best possible help in different riding conditions.
- Wider application
Future sensors will have a wider range of application scenarios, not only for electric bicycles, but also for other vehicles and devices. A wide range of application scenarios can improve the versatility and practicability of sensors and promote the further development of sensor technology.
Conclusion
A cycling enthusiast commented on the choice of sensors during the ride: "As an eBike cycling enthusiast, I know that the choice of speed sensor and torque sensor has a profound impact on my riding experience. Each time I ride, the speed sensor allows me to know my speed in real time, which not only makes me safer on busy city streets, but also gives me more control over the pace on mountain roads in the countryside. It's like a good navigator, always reminding me of my current state, helping me avoid speeding or going too slow, and ensuring that every ride is at its best. The torque sensor is like my personal trainer, sensing the exact force of my tread and providing just the right amount of electric help according to my needs. Whether it is a flat road or a steep hill, the torque sensor can make me feel easy and smooth riding. Not only did it improve my riding efficiency, but it also made me feel more comfortable during long rides and less tired. With the torque sensor, I was able to better understand my riding habits and optimize my riding skills so that I could improve with every ride."
Troxus' innovation in interchangeable sensors adds a new layer of versatility, allowing riders to adapt their bikes to various conditions effortlessly. The future of e-bike sensors is bright, with advancements in AI, battery efficiency, and connectivity promising to take e-bike technology to new heights.
Whether you're a cyclist, tech enthusiast, or environmentalist, harnessing the power of e-bike sensors will enhance your rides and contribute to a more sustainable future. Ready to experience the difference? Explore Troxus' range of e-bikes and take your cycling to the next level.
